Overview
The Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge is a federally managed wetland preserve located in Palm Beach County, western Broward County, and portions of southeastern Florida. Established in 1951 and named for a pioneering South Florida ecologist, it protects approximately 143,000 acres of the northernmost remaining section of the Everglades ecosystem — a vast mosaic of wet prairies, sloughs, tree islands, and sawgrass marsh.
The refuge sits at a critical juncture in the broader Everglades restoration effort, serving as a Water Conservation Area that helps regulate water flow southward toward Everglades National Park. It is a unit of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and has been designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, reflecting its global ecological significance.
For visitors, the refuge offers a genuine encounter with wild South Florida — unhurried, flat, and sometimes demanding patience — but rewarding those who come for birds, reptiles, and open horizons in one of the most ecologically important landscapes in North America.
Before You Go
Entry Requirements
The refuge is open to the public. International visitors traveling to the United States should check TravelerPulse's Visas section and consult the official U.S. Customs and Border Protection or USCIS website for current entry requirements.
What to Know Before Arriving
- The refuge has two primary visitor access points: the Hillsboro Access Area near Boca Raton/Deerfield Beach and the Lee Road Access Area near Boynton Beach. Both have parking, boat ramps, and facilities.
- An entrance fee is charged; verify the current amount on the official U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service site or at the entrance station, as fees are subject to change.
- Cell service can be limited within the interior of the marsh. Download offline maps before you visit.
- Mosquitoes are intense during the wet season (May–October). High-quality insect repellent is essential year-round.
- Florida weather changes rapidly. Afternoon thunderstorms are common in summer and early fall; check forecasts before heading out on the water.
What to Pack
- Sunscreen, wide-brim hat, and polarized sunglasses
- Insect repellent (DEET-based or picaridin)
- Plenty of water — no potable water is available inside the marsh
- Binoculars and a field guide to Florida birds
- Waterproof dry bags if kayaking or canoeing
Getting There
By Air
The nearest major airports are Palm Beach International Airport (PBI) and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL), both roughly 20–35 miles from the main access areas depending on traffic. Miami International Airport (MIA) is also a viable option, approximately 60 miles to the south.
By Car
A personal vehicle or rental car is essentially required to reach the refuge. The Lee Road Access Area is accessed from U.S. Highway 441 (State Road 7) in Boynton Beach; the Hillsboro Access Area is reached via U.S. 441 in Broward County near Deerfield Beach. Neither access point is served by public transit.
By Rideshare
Rideshare services (Uber, Lyft) operate in the surrounding Palm Beach and Broward County areas and can transport you to the parking areas, but you will need your own transportation once inside the refuge. Plan your pickup in advance, as service can be unreliable at the remote access points.
Getting Around
Most of the refuge interior is accessible only by non-motorized watercraft — kayak, canoe, or airboat (privately owned). There are no paved roads through the marsh interior. The two access areas each have a boat ramp and some limited shoreline walking trails and observation areas.
Paddling
Kayaking and canoeing are the primary ways to explore the refuge's interior sloughs and open water areas. Marked canoe trails originate from the Lee Road and Hillsboro access areas. Distances can be significant; plan your route conservatively and allow time to return before dark, as the refuge closes at sunset.
Fishing
Freshwater fishing is popular throughout the refuge. A valid Florida fishing license is required. Common species include largemouth bass, bluegill, and crappie. Verify current regulations and any seasonal restrictions on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission website.
Walking
Short walking paths and levee trails near the access areas allow for birding and wildlife observation on foot. The terrain is flat but can be muddy or flooded depending on season and water levels.
Things to See & Do
Wildlife Viewing
Loxahatchee is one of the premier birding destinations in South Florida. The refuge supports nesting colonies of wading birds including great blue herons, tricolored herons, snowy egrets, and roseate spoonbills. It is also a critical wintering ground for migratory species. The federally endangered snail kite — a raptor that feeds almost exclusively on apple snails — can be seen here year-round. American alligators are abundant and routinely visible from levees and boat ramps.
Kayaking and Canoeing
Paddling through the sawgrass channels and tree island sloughs is the most immersive way to experience the refuge. Rentals are not available on-site; bring your own or rent from outfitters in the surrounding communities. Verify locally for current outfitter options near Boynton Beach or Boca Raton.
Fishing
Bass fishing is particularly popular on the open water areas. Many anglers use johnboats or kayaks to reach productive spots. Always check current Florida FWC regulations before fishing.
Photography
The flat, open marsh landscape offers dramatic skyscapes and intimate wildlife encounters. Early morning and late afternoon light are best. A telephoto lens is highly recommended for bird photography.
Ranger Programs
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service periodically offers guided walks, canoe tours, and educational programs. Check the official refuge page for current event schedules.
Practical Information
Hours and Fees
The refuge is generally open from sunrise to sunset. Entrance fees apply; verify current pricing on the official U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Loxahatchee refuge page, as they are subject to change. America the Beautiful annual passes (National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass) are accepted.
Facilities
Both access areas have restrooms and parking. There are no food concessions, restaurants, or lodging inside the refuge.
Emergency Contacts
In a life-threatening emergency, call 911. Cell coverage can be unreliable in the marsh interior. Inform someone of your paddling plan and expected return time before entering the refuge.
Leave No Trace
Pack out all trash. Do not disturb nesting birds or approach alligators. Feeding wildlife is illegal and harmful. Stay on marked trails and designated water routes where posted.
Safety
Alligators
American alligators are wild animals present throughout the refuge in large numbers. Maintain a respectful distance at all times — Florida Fish and Wildlife recommends staying at least 10 feet away. Never feed alligators; it is illegal and makes them dangerous.
Weather and Lightning
South Florida produces intense afternoon thunderstorms, particularly from May through October. Lightning is a serious hazard on open water. If you see a storm developing, paddle to shore immediately and seek shelter. Do not remain in a kayak or canoe during lightning activity.
Heat and Sun
Temperatures and humidity can be extreme, especially in summer. Heat exhaustion is a real risk. Carry more water than you think you need, wear sun protection, and take breaks in shade when available.
Getting Lost
The interior marsh can be disorienting. Stay on marked trails and paddle routes, carry a waterproof map or download offline navigation, and tell someone your itinerary before you go.